However, it lacks PPC advertising data for keyword research. Diyya [fr] salade caesar [fr] Lorie [fr] Last updated November 06, 2023. Learn how to use Ahrefs, the powerful SEO toolset, with this free online course. While Ahrefs can (slowly and painfully) gather keyword ranking data from external domains, Moz can’t do it at all. Ahrefs is an all-in-one SEO toolset for growing search traffic and optimizing websites. Abbreviations are meant to shorten words or phrases to speed up communication Acronyms and initialisms are types of abbreviationsHere are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'ahrefs':. Using data from the SEO tool Ahrefs, it was found that the most searched ‘how to pronounce’ term in America in 2022 was “acai”. 14. Ahrefs is great for analyzing backlink profiles of your competitors and your own. Here is a quick summary of everything you can do with Ahrefs: Find the keywords that are most profitable for paid as well as organic search. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. +65% growth year-over-year. 1 billion keywords and 35 trillion backlinks. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Take again, for example, the Ahrefs blog, which receives around 260,000 search visits per month. First things first, the correct pronunciation of SEMrush is SEM-rush. And if you run an SEO agency or want an enterprise-level tool, Serpstat is also on the more affordable side. Ready to answer the hardest question you'll be asked all day?! We recently asked some of the top experts in the industry: "How Do You Say SEMrush?". It’s a popular choice for many SEO agencies, pay-per-click (PPC) media agencies, and social media marketing firms. I pronounce it like the French surname it is 😅. Ahrefs stopped offering its free trial. Business, Economics, and Finance. Business · 2023Personally, I pronounce the old airport Robert Miller but the new subdivision Muew-Ler. 95 per month. The generated text combines both the model's learned information and its understanding of the input. 在您的付费订阅结束后，您将切换到免费的 Ahrefs站长工具 套餐，可以免费访问网站分析和网站诊断. Fill your content calendar for weeks, months, or even years in minutes. For all other types of businesses, there is a 20% discount on the annual subscription. The "A" in Ahrefs is pronounced like the letter "A" in the English alphabet, and the "refs" part is pronounced. Using data from the SEO tool Ahrefs, it was found that the most searched ‘how to pronounce’ term in America in 2022 was “acai”. Here’s how to use Ahrefs to find low-competition keywords. In this video, I explained every time how to get ahrefs webmaster tools for free. This is a tough one because both have strengths and weaknesses. Across 2022, the average monthly search for acai was 24,000 globally, with Americans making up 18,000 of those searches. Bottom Line: Ahrefs is an SEO tools suite with one of the best backlinks databases, a site crawler, a rank tracking engine, and a keyword tool that goes beyond anything in the market. Llama Life Polar Habits Ahrefs Frase Superblog Morning Pages Secretlab TITAN Evo Topo Mat ADHD Nerds podcastNever mind that, 5 years in and still not the slightest idea of how to pronounce Ahrefs. Ubersuggest has a free version that is useful. Author Phillip Stemann. Business, Economics, and Finance. ; Record yourself saying 'ahrefs' in saying 'ahrefs' inWhat makes Ahrefs better than the competition? This video outlines 9 flex-worthy features that you won’t find anywhere else. Most of the features of Ahrefs are developed keeping end-user benefits in mind. The highlights of Ahrefs are an extremely deep backlink database and the impressive “Content Explorer. Make sure page loads fast. I say this as well, but I’ve spoken with a rep from Ahrefs and she pronounced it “H-refs”. Use the interactive graph to see how traffic has progressed both globally and locally in 171 countries. They are offering a 14-days exclusive free trial on their pro plan. Ahrefs is one of the tools used by the SEO and Digital Marketing industry. It is among the tools used by the Digital Marketing industry and SEO. People tweeting stuff. Ahrefs Lite: Harga Bulanan: $99 per bulan. 1. Ahrefs provides all the tools you would want in your SEO toolkit. It can replace several tools and is essential for anyone conducting SEO research and analysis. Step. Also their writing assistant tool is quite neat. tech stack used so far. Its lite plan is priced at $99/month, which is not economical. something and something. Ahrefs Ease of Use: Ahrefs is very easy to use out of the box. Mangools is the best Ahrefs alternative for non-techies. CryptoAhrefs' Keyword Explorer is a comprehensive tool that lets you research keywords from over 170 countries and 10 search engines. When you purchase an annual plan, you save 20%. Ahrefs' API is designed to allow users to access Ahrefs' tools and resources in flexible ways—and often for purposes beyond straightforward SEO. Google Search Console is a free tool provided by Google that allows website owners to monitor and optimize their site's performance in search results. How do you pronounce Ahrefs?Business, Economics, and Finance. Ubersuggest is another Ahrefs alternative with vast resources to help you increase your site’s traffic. Bottom Line: Ahrefs is an SEO tools suite with one of the best backlinks databases, a site crawler, a rank tracking engine, and a keyword tool that goes beyond anything in the market. Explore the dashboard, features, and functions of Ahrefs and get tips and tricks to improve your website performance. StarSaber6 • 2 yr. the “correct” pronunciation. Don't forget…“do you pronounce it ahrefs or ahrefs”Ahrefs’ keywords explorer operates on the world’s third largest keyword database which holds more than 7 billion keywords and receives monthly updates. ago. 1. Ahrefs’ primary keyword research tool is called Keyword Explorer. The tool’s purpose is linking profile analysis. Standard: Costs $179 per month for 1 user. WorthEPenny now has 12 active Ahrefs offers for Nov 2023. 我们公司的SEO策略完全基于Ahrefs工具和教程。. It is a popular SEO tool used by digital marketers to analyze website performance and track backlinks. Record yourself saying 'ahrefs' in full sentences, then watch yourself and listen. Learn how to pronounce Ahrefs, a famous company that helps the user to learn SEO toolset, with 6 audio pronunciations, 1 meaning, 2 translations and more. اختر خطة تناسب احتياجاتك. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'ahrefs':. Our certification course is currently in beta. using this tool you can also spy on a third site and get all important ideas and data from there. SEMrush is one of the most popular SEO tools on the market. G. Ahrefs cons: Interface is a little cluttered. . See how much traffic your competitors are getting. Today, we update our index with the freshest backlinks on the web every 15 minutes, and our crawler processes up to 8 billion pages a day. ما هو موقع Ahrefs؟. Here at Ahrefs, we have a website authority metric of our own called Domain Rating. Lite - $99/with a discount if you pay annually. 415K subscribers in the seinfeld community. How to Pronounce Ahrefs. Learn the MOST Difficult Words in the world: Easy Ways to Pronounce Ahrefs in 2023 1. 3. Wtf so far YouTube vids pronounce A-nis, this is blowing me away i thought Uh-nees was just correct amongst everyone. Get a FREE 7-Day Trial to Ahrefs - is an SEO tool suite that includes features to help you with link building, keyword. Each marketer has his/her own way of using Ahrefs, but, it’s worth sharing our powerful guide to use Ahrefs efficiently. Today's best Ahrefs coupon is up to 50% off. Ahrefs currently does not offer a free trial. Why Pronunciation Matters. $0 of funding. With it, you can discover thousands of relevant keyword ideas based on your. There is a video, where the samg animators talked about making of Shanghai special and mentioned. I predict the attempts to get folks to say "Miller" will be as successful as those trying to. Pode até colocá-la como a página inicial nos. This metric is an excellent way to measure the popularity or importance of a website. Let's be real with ourselves, 90% of #backlinks are not free. You spell these 4 letters. Ree-jis. KWFinder’s keyword suggestions are relatively limited. Tip 2: Emphasize the first syllableThe correct pronunciation of Ahrefs is "ay-refs. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'ahrefs': Break 'ahrefs' down into sounds: say it out loud and exaggerate the sounds until you can consistently produce them. As with these types of metrics, these tools do not represent an official score but a. Last updated November 06, 2023. Ahrefs is a digital marketing tool that is used to analyze websites’ link profiles, keyword rankings, and SEO health. According to supermetrics. learned a lot about props. Rezultatem jest wzrost sesji i przychodów o 170% rok do roku odkąd zaczęliśmy go używać. Ahrefs offers a user-friendly interface with easy-to-interpret data, while Google Analytics provides extensive customization possibilities. SEMrush has 3 standard pricing plans. It has the biggest backlink index than any other tool. Pronouncing. Start course. Ahrefs allows you to do keyword and content research, track your position on search engine result pages (SERPs), study overall site performance, conduct. How to Pronounce Ahrefs. Business, Economics, and Finance. About. Best for: A comprehensive SEO toolkit that can serve as the number one Ahrefs alternative for most marketers. Here’s how its interface looks like;Surfer SEO is an on-page optimization tool that provides keyword suggestions, keyword search, and more to improve your website’s SEO. Glassdoor has millions of jobs plus salary information, company reviews, and interview questions from people on the inside making it easy to find a job that’s right for you. Unlike multi-page websites, the user is unable to navigate to content on separate URLs via internal linking. We allow tweets from anyone. It's part of new Austin and deserves a new pronunciation. Step 4: Analyze Competition for Target Keywords. Taking shits is the worst function of the human organism after sex. Set up your UR Dr Ahrefs account. Ahrefs – Everything revolves around the product. SEO Lexicon Alt Text2. which was quite confusing for me. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'ahrefs':. Wasif Kareem posted images on LinkedIn my first ⭐REACT PROJECT⭐ texti app. Spend some time exploring this feature to understand how your website is currently performing. Over $50M in annual recurring revenue. 3,200+ new leads every week (as of July 2020). The higher a website’s Domain Rating (DR), the stronger and more authoritative it is. ; Record yourself saying 'ahrefs' in full sentences, then watch yourself and listen. Get 14 Day. ago. Now you can access ahrefs tool for a lifetime. Start by entering a seed keyword into the Ahrefs Keywords Explorer. I remember the times of Alexa and how the SEO market was divided into "before" and "after". . It will give you tons of insight into your competitors and you will make much better marketing decisions. 5 Enter your Coupon code or a Discount will be automatically applied. e. You don't have to be an SEO pro to rank higher and get more traffic. Learn the correct pronunciation of Ahrefs, a popular SEO tool that provides insights into website performance, backlink analysis, keyword research, and competitor analysis. Ahrefs is a fantastic SEO tool. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'ahrefs':. In fact, I’ve been a paying SEMrush customer for over 11. Keep in mind that it. 3 After that Enter Your Details. " Remembering this simple pronunciation guide. Ahrefs’ Electronics Name Generator can be an invaluable resource to inspire your name selection process. Explore organic and paid traffic metrics for any website using Site Explorer. Ahrefs is an SEO software suite that contains tools for link building, keyword research, competitor analysis, rank tracking and site audits. If you like it and you want a paid version, Ubersuggest is still WAY more affordable than Ahrefs. the “correct” pronunciation. 🎯. We create online SEO tools and free educational materials for marketing professionals. Site Explorer is one of the core features of Ahrefs. The Ahrefs Certification Course will teach you how to use Ahrefs’ tools, data, and SEO metrics to improve SEO for your website. Llama Life Polar Habits Ahrefs Frase Superblog Morning Pages Secretlab TITAN Evo Topo Mat ADHD Nerds podcastThe 13 Best Ahrefs Alternatives in 2022. Our sof. Using UR Dr Ahrefs for SEO is a straightforward process that involves the following steps: 1. Ahrefs is used to do backlink analysis, keyword research, track positions of pages, and compare SEO visibility scores. Ahrefs and SE Ranking have similar tools and features, but SE Ranking is better for tracking keyword rankings. How to say SemRush in English? Pronunciation of SemRush with 2 audio pronunciations, 2 meanings, 1 translation and more for SemRush. Discover keyword ideas, all day long. It includes tools for keyword. 3. ago. cmonguysreallypshh • 1 yr. Ahrefs is a SaaS company. It provides a comprehensive overview of your website's performance, including backlinks, organic search traffic, referring domains, and more. You can explore the tool and at the same time learn. SEMRush. 3. Wuh-ster or wuh-stah. Customer Support: Ahrefs vs Semrush. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. This mode shows you all keyword ideas that contain all the words from your query in any order. 🙄SEO tips from 40 hour Long course on #digitalmarketing on Google garage and here is what they say is most important factor for ranking your website in…Business · 2023A weekly conversation about building stuff. Can report on keyword data from a wide range of search engines. ago. 🤔. Berikut adalah beberapa pilihan langganan yang ditawarkan oleh Ahrefs: 1. Overview 2. Step 3: Explore Site Explorer. Semrush Free Trial 2023 — Worth $119. Reporting features aren't as strong as other tools. app features. Site Explorer: This is one of my favorite ways of implementing Ahrefs. However, it’s important to note that this is correlational data and doesn’t prove causation. Understanding the Pronunciation of AhrefsAs a mid-advanced marketer or SEO freelancer, you will often encounter various tools, including Ahrefs, to assist in your work. You'll be able to mark your mistakes quite easily. Course materials are available to Ahrefs users: Webmaster tools or Subscription. io. Crypto865K subscribers in the NoMansSkyTheGame community. Connect your Google Search Console to switch your Dashboard mode between Ahrefs data & GSC data. google search console, more accurate data and the reason ahrefs wanted us to connect our sites. #10. Getting Started with Ahrefs. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. Some say it's a-h-refs, some say it's H-refs, and some say. I Help Websites Get More Leads, Traffic and Sales from Google with SEO 10mo Implemented redux for the first time in my first-ever full-stack MERN app. It has a keyword research tool, a site audit tool, a backlink checker, and even the competence to handle on page SEO. Ahrefs is a platform that gives webmasters and content creators all the tools they need to build their online empire. e. com is a well-known SEO tool provider boasting the world's largest index of live backlinks that is updated with fresh data every 15-30 minutes. 1. Eich (h) refs is correct. It is one of three main players on the market along with SEMrush and Moz. They offer a simple dashboard with all the tools neatly tucked into different sections. CryptoAhrefs offers four plans that range from $83 to $833 per month when paid annually. 🙄A weekly conversation about building stuff. Cause yk, CHYPSM looks better than HYPSMC or any other…Business, Economics, and Finance. Ahrefs offers subscription packages for any budget. If you view a report, it consumes 1 credit. Which makes comparing their pricing to Semrush a little more complicated. Registered users: Ahrefs [Bot], Bing [Bot], Semrush [Bot] Legend: Administrators, Global moderators. Our certification course is currently in beta. Whether you pronounce it "H"-refs or "A-H"-refs (I do the former), Ahrefs is a very powerful tool that can do much. Site. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'ahrefs':. xx_DEADND_xx • 2 yr. How to pronounce Ahrefs correctly? The correct pronunciation of Ahrefs is "ay-refs. Winner: Semrush. New pricing. Ahrefs is an all-in-one SEO toolset designed to help optimize websites and grow search traffic. Although you can use Ahrefs for all kinds of SEO purposes, it’s probably best known for being a backlink checker and research, tool. Ahrefs is aimed at larger companies and in-house marketers, whereas Ubersuggest is aimed more at entrepreneurs, small agencies, and solopreneurs. You can improve your SEO by getting information about your competitors, such as what keywords they use and where they link. ago. ⭐convert text to uppercase and… Ahrefs’ Cafe Business Name Ideas Generator uses a language model that learns patterns, grammar, and vocabulary from large amounts of text data – then uses that knowledge to generate human-like text based on a given prompt or input. Even that hits the "ch". Pick a plan that suits your needs, and we’ll see you on the other side. The tool’s purpose is linking profile analysis. It’s highest-tier plan is $499/month. Você pode querer melhorar sua pronúncia de ''ahrefs'' falando uma das palavras similares abaixo: ahrq; ahrar; ahrens; ahrc; Fonética: Dicas para melhorar sua pronúncia em Inglês: Aqui estão 4 dicas que devem lhe ajudar a aperfeiçoar sua pronúncia de. Nearly three years ago Google officially announced that they were “rendering a substantial number of web pages” with JavaScript in order to “interpret what a typical browser running JavaScript would see. Step 5: Finalize your keyword list and implement. Last year we increased organic traffic to our website by 250%. Pick pricing plan which fits for your needs best. Whether it's blog posts, articles, product descriptions, or social media captions, the tool can assist in generating compelling paragraphs, saving time and effort for content creators. Here they are: See how much search traffic your competitors get. Business, Economics, and Finance. 4. Ahrefs is a user-friendly, powerful solution for marketing professionals of all levels of experience. Backlinks, also known as external links or inbound links, refer to the links from one website to another. For your monthly subscription on Ahrefs plans, you have 48 hours to ask for a refund. A fantasy science-fiction game set…See new Tweets. It is already the biggest database on the web, and it’s growing steadily. 1 week ago Web Ahrefs’ Certification Course. Tips for pronouncing Ahrefs correctly. Ahrefs is one of the best SEO tools together with Semrush, and I find it fascinating how extensive their database of keywords and backlinks is. This tool uses clickstream data to generate keyword ideas, refine search volume, and show the estimated number of clicks for each keyword. If you’re having trouble remembering how to pronounce Ahrefs correctly, here are some tips to help you out:1. I've always said Shit like most people but I decided to google them and found out it's actually the official pronunciation: Yep, Schiit is our name, and it's pronounced, well, like "hey man, that's some really good Schiit!" And now that we have your attention. The generated text combines both the model's learned information and its understanding of the input. Piedmont University. How to Use UR Dr Ahrefs for SEO. Ahrefs is an all-in-one SEO tool designed to enhance your website’s search engine optimization (SEO). meliseo • 1 yr. Ahrefs has a comprehensive keyword explorer. Implemented redux for the first time in my first-ever full-stack MERN app. Usually, yeah but there are exceptions, and given the pronunciation of Icaru I don't think I'd really be too keen to definitively say that 'try' is the only way to say it. From the basics like rank tracking to the pro-level backlink insights Ahrefs allows us to be more efficient and more effective SEOs. تعد Ahrefs أداة قوية للغاية لفهم وتتبع. Ahrefs’ KD score focuses on organic SEO, considering factors like backlinks and referring domains to determine how challenging it is to rank for a keyword. Ultimate Guide: How to Pronounce Ahrefs Correctly - Tips 2024. Ahrefs determines keyword difficulty by analyzing the backlink profiles of the top-ranking pages for a keyword. Sebfofun • 1 yr. By using Ahrefs' Clothing Store Business Name Generator, you can kick-start your brainstorming process and find creative inspiration. Founded in 2010 by Dmitry Gerasimenko, it is now one of the best-known SEO solutions available — and used by millions of companies around the world, including big brands like Shopify, eBay, LinkedIn, Uber, Adobe, Zoom and Facebook. I guess “chu” instead of “tu” would make more sense… “shu” made no sense to me. Even if you are a newbie to SEO and digital marketing space, you feel intuitive using the platform. Ahrefs is widely used by SEO professionals, digital marketers, and website owners to improve their search engine rankings and drive more traffic to their website. Hi Fiverr, what do you think of my new gig image? is it nice?? #fiverr #thumbnailsheavily depends: "lol" is for when i want to ensure that im not being serious. Break 'ahrefs' down into sounds: say it out loud and exaggerate the sounds until you can consistently produce them. Step. Ahrefs is the best competitor research and SEO tool you can get right now. . 2 billion keywords in 243 countries. Both Ahrefs and Surfer SEO have features to. 🤔. January 26, 2023 4 min read. With the Ahrefs site explorer, you can check any page or site for comprehensive backlink analysis and estimate the number of keywords, the website ranking on search engines, traffic generation, and traffic value. Her kan du lede efter trending topics indenfor et område du skal skrive noget om. You get access to the full SEO dashboard and site explorer page. SE Ranking is an all-in-one SEO platform that offers a similar feature set to Ahrefs. While limited compared to a paid Ahrefs account, they’re still immensely valuable for anyone who’s. Nah. Repeat the track as much as you need. In less than 10 years, Ahrefs has succeeded in dominating the SEO industry. 2h. For in-depth analysis, you should have a paid membership of Ahrefs, and for generating keywords, you can use the free keyword generating tool. . If you’re more interested in a clean, modern, simple interface, Ahrefs is clearly easier to work with. Tính năng chính của Ahrefs là để phân tích. In Sheets, open API Connector and create a new request ( Extensions > API Connector > Open > Create request) Select Ahrefs from the drop-down list of applications. How do you pronounce Ahrefs?We’re big fans of finding the latest and greatest digital marketing tools to help our clients stay ahead of the competition. Break 'ahrefs' down into sounds: say it out loud and exaggerate the sounds until you can consistently produce them. Here are 4 tips that should help you perfect your pronunciation of 'ahrefs':. " The "A" is pronounced like the letter "A," and "hrefs" is pronounced like "refs. Selecting the perfect name for your clothing store business is a critical step in building a strong brand. Our company’s SEO strategy is fully based on Ahrefs’ tools and tutorials. . Worcester you just have to know how it’s said. 2. Just enter up to ten words or phrases and choose from one of six keyword ideas reports. According to the Meriam-Webster dictionary, this type of berry is pronounced ah-sigh-ee. CryptoBusiness, Economics, and Finance. Ahrefs will also show you problems such as broken links that could hurt your ranking. However, it is important to note that not all backlinks are beneficial for website ranking and traffic; someRegistration and Use of Service. Ahrefs is an SEO tool that allows you to research competitors’ websites for related keywords, track keyword difficulty scores, target keywords, and backlinking. Domain Traffic. 0 upgrades, new Outgoing links reports, two powerful SSO. Their cheapest plan “Lite” ($69/month), is about 30% less expensive than Ahrefs ($99/month). It doesn’t matter if usage fluctuates from month to month as you only pay more for. This will generate a list of related keywords and their search volumes. How to Pronounce Ahrefs. Tag Cloud. Get a FREE 7-Day Trial to Ahrefs - is an SEO tool suite that includes features to help you with link building, keyword research,. Practice saying the word out loud a few times until it feels natural to you. Ahrefs Webmaster Tools (AWT) is the right tool for the job. Additionally, explore the "SERP Overview" to analyze the top-ranking pages and their. Our software. 如何取消我的计划？. Pronounce each syllable. Why is it important to pronounce Ahrefs correctly? Pronouncing Ahrefs correctly is important for several reasons. Welcome! Here you will hear How to Pronounce Ahrefs (correctly!) i. e. 0. Can report on keyword data from a wide range of search engines. How to Use Moz Keyword Explorer for SEOHow Ahrefs does SEO: 7 unconventional lessons in product-led content marketing. (Like in tough, though or thought) 7. It considers factors like the number of referring domains, the quality of backlinks, and the anchor text distribution. Ahrefs Academy. Ahrefs is an all-in-one SEO tool that can easily replace several other tools. Semrush I like to use to check out where the search traffic actually comes from, how much it roughly is and what the keywords are. Tailoring reports to your exact needs. With its wide array of features, Ahrefs allows you to identify and analyze crucial elements that impact your website’s visibility. Choose ‘Phrase Match’ to ensure. Discover your competitors’ “linkable assets”. 去年，我们将网站的自然搜索流量提高了250％。. tech stack used so far. Ahrefs will provide you with a list of relevant keywords and their search volume. , Domain Rating). Ahrefs also takes into account the overall authority of the domain. MondaleforPresident • 1 yr. Moz – Yes, a 75% discount. So if you lack experience in SEO tools like Ahrefs, I have selected 11 simple and super actionable use cases that you can try right now and get immediate value from. Monymony said: I was just researching the traffic for a certain keyword. Monitor your ranking progress for thousands of keywords. “Fun fact: People, who know the correct pronunciation of Ahrefs, rank in Google 10% faster than those who don't. Ahrefs计划包括使用我们所有工具的权限。. $12/month as a starting point is good, even if the research caps can get annoying. Ahrefs is pronounced as "ay-refs". Find relevant keywords from our database of over 8 billion queries. It is a paid tool and is considered one of the best SEO tools on the market. Well, unfortunately, Ahrefs was only crawling backlinks found in HTML up until 2017. Ahrefs is a reliable option that offers plenty of easy-to-use tools and applications, including a site explorer, keywords explorer, site audit function, rank tracker, and content explorer. I'll admit I don't know many lol. Using Ahrefs for keyword research is easy. موقع Ahrefs هو عبارة عن برمجية تحتوي على الكثير من الأدوات التي تفيد في تحسين محركات البحث ، الأدوات التي تساعدك في تحليل موقعك وتحليل المنافسين، وبناء الروابط والبحث عن. 4.